In exploration geophysics, seismic surveys and their interpretations provide the most reliable information of the subsurface structures. Extensive work on the determination of the subsurface structure has been carried out in both Cauvery and Mannar basins of offshore Sri Lanka. Freely available satellite- gravity and magnetic data suggest that the Lanka Basin may have the necessary sediment volume for the occurrence of hydrocarbons. However, without seismic data, this suggestion cannot be tested further. As an alternative to acquiring additional seismic data in the region, this research focused on digitising 50,000 km of vintage seismic lines from the National Geophysical Data Centre (NGDC) data repository and converting them into Seg-Y format. Key seismic horizons on the digitised sections were interpreted to provide details of the seabed and acoustic basement in the time domain. Regional sedimentary thickness maps were compiled in the time domain interpolating the interpreted horizons using ‘kriging’ method. The velocity data acquired in the region were used to convert the maps from time to depth domain. The results indicate that average thickness of sediments in the region varies around 5000 m to 6000 m, where the maximum thickness is around 8000 m in the North Eastern part of the Lanka basin. The thickness maps can be used as a reference dataset to plan commercial seismic surveys in the future for hydrocarbon exploration in the Lanka Basin.

The island nation of Sri Lanka became a plantation economy back in the 19th and 20th centuries,and a significant number of farmers’ livelihoods still depend on agriculture itself. With the low cost of transportation and high solubility, urea fertilizer is leading the industry of agriculture. The current local urea demand is completely met by importations. A constant supply of Natural Gas (NG) is essential to manufacture urea locally. This study mainly focuses on introducing a viable solution for completely importing urea using indigenous gas in place. Amongst the discoveries made around the country, the Dorado reservoir exhibits high quality with a clean, thick deposition. In order to assess the feasibility, the reservoir potential was reviewed and production and supply profiles of NG were analysed by acquiring data regarding local demand quantities. A cost benefit analysis of establishing a urea plant was prepared with the involvement of a German organization. Previously identified economical quantity and price was applied to the Fiscal Regime for the Dorado reservoir with the assistance of PRDS and three case scenarios were proposed. The cases involve developing NG by the investing company with the most economical gas rate identified,i.e., 70 MMScf/d, where around 20 MMScf/d of it will be utilized to manufacture urea. The excess production of NG will either be sold to the government or integrated to a power plant, which is preferred as it introduces additional benefits to the economy. Further analysis can be made depending on different modes and methods of transporting NG and locations of the plants which can manipulate the costs with better focus on achieving higher yield.

The technology of Sodium ion battery is expected to replace Lithium-ion battery in near future. The chathodes of Lithium-ion battery are prepared using transition metal composites such as oxides, phosphates and silicates and Sodium-ion batteries are also being tested using such composite chathodes. However, these designed cathodes for sodium-ion batteries show a less capacity. This research was conducted in order to prepare a suitable cathode for a sodium-ion battery. The material was formed through a solid-state reaction of sodium phosphate and copper iodide. The composite which was expected to be formed was sodium copper phosphate. The chathode of the battery was fabricated using mixture of active material, activated carbon and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). Cathode was prepared on an aluminum foil and anode was sodium pressed on a copper plate. The synthesized Material was characterized using powder X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) method. Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDEX) was performed in order to identify the chemical composition. Charge discharge curves and cyclic voltammetry was taken to characterize the electrochemical properties of the cell. XRD pattern and EDEX results confirmed that the desired composite was formed. The discharging capacity of the battery was calculated to be 103.12 mA h g-1. The cyclic voltammetry analysis has shown that an oxidation and reduction process occurred while charging and discharging.

Pirith is a special type of chanting; believed to be a protective doctrine preached by the Load Buddha in Pali language. Generally, a voice signal consists of the fundamental frequency, F0 and a series of harmonic frequencies called as formants, Fn. As reported by several other studies, characteristic formant frequency distributions are identified in chanting, contrast to normal speaking. This work is dedicated to developing a phonetic picture on Pirith chants investigating probability distribution of formants and quantify voiced to unvoiced ratio utilizing computer-aided tools. In this study, 25 samples of each Rathana, Karaneeya Metta and Angulimala Suttas recited by male monk chanters were recorded using high precision microphone array and then subjected to splitting of smaller voiced segments of frame length 10ms sampling at a rate of 44.1 kHz. In the computational speech model, a pre-emphasis filter is applied to the sampled time series of voiced segment to cancel out the effect of glottis. Then frame-by-frame analysis was used with hamming windows and liner predictive coding (LPC) and auto correlation to extract the formant values. Voiced to unvoiced ratio is assessed using zero crossing rate and energy content of the acoustic signal. Results of the Voiced to Unvoiced ratio over 75% of voiced frames in all types of Suttas despite number of monks involved in chanting. Having a high percentage of voiced frames interpret strong contribution of vibrating vocal folds involved in chanting of Pirith Suttas. Further, Probability Distribution Functions (PDFs) of each Sutta is generated and compared for first five formants. Angulimala Sutta and Ratana Sutta show similar patterns in terms of PDFs while Karaneeya Metta Sutta indicates a clear discrepancy demonstrating a unique set of characteristics.

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